[精华版+原声中字]马斯克与黄仁勋(11月20日) ：AI和机器人都是好东西，没有泡沫！继续搞！

Fore speech.

AIP Foreers ship and ingenuity will define tomorrow's digital landscape. It is my great honor to introduce his excellency

Abdullah al- Swaha, Minister of Communications and Information Technology of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Your Excellency, thank you so

Arabia. Your Excellency, thank you so much. Good [music] to see you. Also with

much. Good [music] to see you. Also with

us this morning are two incredible visionaries. Please

join me in welcoming to the stage Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla, founder of SpaceX, founder of XAI, and Jensen Huang, founder and CEO of Nvidia.

[music] Please have a seat. Now, I'm sure we can do a bigger round of applause for one of the greatest two leaders of our history.

Let's go ahead. [applause]

So, we're talking about I lost count, you know, 7 to8 trillion worth of market cap comp. I lost count. But right now,

cap comp. I lost count. But right now, we're here to celebrate a historic moment. A moment that yesterday during

moment. A moment that yesterday during the dinner and thank you for for joining us under the patronage of the honorable president and his royal highness the

crown prince Musidi where we had the pleasure to hear it firsthand. This is

the greatest alliance between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States where we have joined hands and you have helped us build our energy

based economy fueling and energizing the industrial age and now fast forward going to the intelligence age where we

can fuel AI factories robotics EVs and all of the rest. Speaking of that, let's start with you, Elon, if you don't mind, Jensen. And feel free to chime in. You

Jensen. And feel free to chime in. You

have a big fascination of something all of us have admired, first order thinking, which Jensen sometimes calls first order scaling, which is an

opportunity for how you have dropped the cost of batteries from a,000 for kilowatt hour to subund bucks. And right

now you're doing the same thing with robotics for actuators with servo rotors and motors. So I want to hear from you.

and motors. So I want to hear from you.

How do you manage to always disrupt every single industry with that thinking?

>> Well, it's mostly not disruption, it's uh creation. So with uh say SpaceX with

uh creation. So with uh say SpaceX with reusable rockets, uh there really weren't any reusable rockets. Um

but the essence of getting of revolutionizing space travel is reusability. If you throw the rocket

reusability. If you throw the rocket away every time, the cost of access to space is extremely high. Um with respect to electric cars, there there weren't

any electric cars when we started making them really. You couldn't buy any to the

them really. You couldn't buy any to the best of my knowledge. Um so with Tesla, we wanted to make electric cars compelling um and affordable. That was

the goal. Um the uh you know with respect to humanoid robotics there are no useful humanoid robotic robots at this point. Um there are sort of

this point. Um there are sort of gimmicks but there are there are no actually useful humanoid robots. Um and

I think Tesla's going to make the first actually useful humanoid robots. Um and

this will be quite a revolution and I think something that will that everyone will want. Uh because I always think of

will want. Uh because I always think of like who who wouldn't want their own personal C3PO R2-D2.

>> Oh yeah, >> of course. Everyone would want one, right? And and then there would be many

right? And and then there would be many in industry uh providing products and services. This is why I say that

services. This is why I say that humanoid robots will be the biggest industry or the biggest product ever. um

bigger than cell phones or anything else because everyone's going to want one and uh or maybe more more than one and there'll be many in industry. Um

>> I just want R2-D2 in C3PO's body.

>> Yeah, >> there you go.

>> Um >> well I mean a humanoid robot would be better than R2-D2 and C3VO combined.

>> Yeah.

>> Times 10.

>> Yeah. So the it and and you know people often talk about uh sort of eliminating poverty and that kind of thing but really the there's how long have they

been talking about that? Um there's lots of talk uh you know there's lots of NOS's sort of trying to do these things but but really not succeeding. Um and

and and you know the evidence speaks for itself. Uh but but but AI and humanoid

itself. Uh but but but AI and humanoid robots will actually eliminate poverty and Tesla won't be the only one that makes them. I think Tesla will pioneer

makes them. I think Tesla will pioneer this but there will be many other companies that make humanoid robots. But

there there is only basically one way to uh make everyone wealthy and that is AI and robotics.

>> And we can't talk about robotics without AI factories. And yesterday was such a

AI factories. And yesterday was such a historic day for the two nations but also for all of us where we celebrate

the AI strategic partnership with the US s signed witnessed by the honorable president and his royal highness about

how we are committing our capital energy land to energize the AI US ecosystem to be able to build inference node training

nodes and to be the most AI enabled nation. With that announcement, tell me

nation. With that announcement, tell me what's what's next in AI factories.

Jensen, >> there there's a there's a beautiful story about how Saudi Arabia's building AI refineries now building AI fac or oil refineries to AI factories.

>> I love that.

>> I you know, I've said that that AI is an infrastructure and the reason for that of course we understand AI from the perspective of the technology and how it's revolutionizing every industry.

Digital intelligence of course has applications into every every field and so it's going to be used by every company, every industry, every country.

In that way, it's foundational and therefore it's part of infrastructure.

What is new about AI from a computer science perspective is that the way computing was done in the past was largely retrievalbased computing.

Somebody typed in a story or somebody created a a piece of art or came came up with four versions of a digital ad or

it's all pre-built by somebody which is then using a system to retrieve the appropriate version for you. It's a

retrievalbased computing model. Hadoop

and many of the the the frameworks and operating systems of the past all designed to retrieve the appropriate information for you. But today software is going to be generated in real time.

It's generative based on the context, based on the circumstance, based on who you are, based on the problem you ask that based on your prompt. It will

generate unique content for you every single time for everybody. It's unique.

When you use Grock, every time you use it is different based on the right based on based on the based on the prompt that you give it and based on the circumstance and and so therefore it

used to be retrievalbased today it's generative and if it's generative then and every time is different then you need AI factories all over the world to generate the content

in real time which is the reason why you need AI factories and and this is a unique way of doing computation but the benefit of course is that Everything isn't preconceived and pre-documented

and it's it's contextually s contextually sensible and and therefore intelligent.

>> So AI factories and robotics and we heard it yesterday from his royal highness his vision how to augment our workforce with roughly tens of millions

of robotics to be able to infuse the next wave of productivity and progress.

But this scares a lot of folks here when it comes to the future of jobs. So let's

hear about your thoughts uh Elon and Jensen on that.

>> Uh sure. Well

um if you say like in the long term where will things end up long term? I

don't know what long term is. Maybe it's

10 20 years something like that. For me

that's long term. Um my prediction is that work will be optional.

>> Optional.

>> Optional.

Um so >> we'll take that.

>> Yeah. I mean it it'll be like uh playing sports or a video game or something like that. Um if you want to work uh you know

that. Um if you want to work uh you know in the same way like you can you can go to the store and just buy some vegetables or you could grow vegetables in your backyard. It's much harder to

grow vegetables in your backyard but some people still do it because they like growing growing vegetables. Um that

will be what work is like optional. Um

now between now and then there's actually a lot of work to get to that point.

>> Mhm. Um, and I always recommend people read read Yin Banks uh culture books to get a sense for what a a probable

positive AI future is like. Um, and

interestingly in those books, money is no longer doesn't exist. It's kind of interesting. And I I my guess is in in

interesting. And I I my guess is in in if you go out long enough, assuming there's a continued improvement in AI and robotics, which there seems likely,

the money will will stop being relevant at some point in the future. Um now

there will still be constraints on power like electricity and mass. Uh the

fundamental physics elements will still be still be constraints. Um but um I think at some point uh currency becomes

irrelevant.

>> Jensen, any thoughts?

>> Um [laughter] by the way, the Nvidia earnings call is later today. [laughter]

later today. [laughter] >> And by the way, since currency is relevant. [laughter]

relevant. [laughter] >> Cheers.

Elon just wants to share with you some [laughter] breaking news.

[applause] [laughter] The two of us who like to share some breaking news. Uh let's see. I I would

breaking news. Uh let's see. I I would say I would say there there's um different horizons you could look at.

Everybody's jobs will be different. That

I think that that's for sure. Uh how how the students learn will be different.

um uh how people do their work will be different obviously because a lot of the things that that we do mundanely or arduously or very difficultly are going to be done very simply and and so we're

going to be more productive from that s from that sense one of the things that I will say is that for most people or a company if some if your life becomes more productive

and if the things that you're doing uh with great difficulty becomes simpler it is very likely because you have so many ideas, you'll have more time to go pursue things. It is my guess that Elon

pursue things. It is my guess that Elon will be busier as a result of AI. I'm

going to be busier as a result of AI.

And the reason for that is because we have so many ideas we want to pursue, so many things that that we still have in our backlog inside our company that we can go pursue. If we were more

productive, we can get to those things faster. And so in the near term I would

faster. And so in the near term I would say that that there is every evidence that that we will be more productive and yet still be busier because we have so many ideas. One thing that I will say

many ideas. One thing that I will say give you give you some evidence is that uh and I was just telling Elon about this earlier radiology for example has

largely been uh converted to AIdriven radiology and there's some really great companies doing that and the surprising thing is the prediction that all

radiologists would be the first jobs to go was exactly the opposite. The trend

shows that there are more radiologists being hired now as a result of AI. And

the reason for that, if you take a step back, it's because the goal of a radiologist is not to study the images.

The goal of a radiologist is to diagnose a disease. Now, the studying of the

a disease. Now, the studying of the images became so productive. They could

study more images, study more modalities, spend more time with the patients. And as a result, they were

patients. And as a result, they were actually accepting more patients. We're

doing more radiology all around the world. We're doing a better job with

world. We're doing a better job with diagnosing disease. And so that's that's

diagnosing disease. And so that's that's kind of the the nearterm near uh outcome of of uh AI and productivity. And and

we'll see we'll see what happens long term. You know, I I

term. You know, I I when when currency doesn't matter anymore, just, you know, let me know right before.

>> You'll see it coming. [laughter]

You'll see it coming like like >> we text often so just >> Yeah, we do.

>> Yeah, just text it off. Yeah, let me know.

>> I kind of I kind of agree with with both of you because if you look at every technological trend, every general purpose technology has been net new positive for for the globe for humanity

and so forth. And let me share with you two key >> and and your excellency I think it's precisely the reason the reason for that is because all the great ideas from from innovators like Elon that you have so

many good ideas >> that Jensen as well.

>> Yeah. Well, thank you.

>> So let me share with you two stories from two Saudi innovators in collaboration with a lot of great the great work that Nvidia does that Gro does. One is Professor

does. One is Professor Omaragi.

All right.

>> [clears throat] >> Let's say that again. It's Professor

Omaragi who is >> I might need to might need to move the mic.

>> All right.

>> Okay. Come on. We'll share this one.

>> All right. So, now

>> get close.

>> Let's let's let's try this one more time. So, one of them is Professor

time. So, one of them is Professor Omaragi, who's the first American Saudi to win a Nobel Prize in creating new chemistry. And the way he has done that,

chemistry. And the way he has done that, he has leveraged your AI accelerators and models like Grock to be able to create new chemistry when it comes to metal organic frameworks. Those are

metal ions that are positively charged with organic linkers to be able to effectively create a sponge with 33

nanometers pores to capture water from air and also to capture carbon dioxide.

The second story has also to do with AI accelerated by Nvidia and with models like Brock which is nanop which is effectively creating a nano robot 500

nanometers by a,000 nanometers to be able to do gene editing leveraging the crisper technology to take out sickle cell disease. Now in both these

cell disease. Now in both these instances they originated 20 years ago in research but AI was able to really accelerate the outcomes and the outputs

such that we can move into new value pools. So I think with every

pools. So I think with every technological trend humanity is going to always manage to shift to new value pools when it comes to workforce and productivity. But we have some great

productivity. But we have some great announcements to talk about here today.

Let's begin with you Elon. the things

that we're doing with XAI. Uh yeah,

we're excited to announce that um we're doing a a a uh a 500 megawatt I mean yeah 500 sorry >> 500 megawatt >> 500 megawatt yeah

>> we're doing 500 [laughter] >> we're doing 500 megawatt >> sorry >> yeah yeah 500 g one will have to wait um so um

>> that that'll be 8 bazillion trillion dollars Um, [laughter] stop that.

>> Uh, [laughter] >> so yeah, we we're we're doing a um XAI and the King of Saudi Arabia are doing a a

>> Humane 500 megawatt starting with 50 megawatt phase one and we're doing it with Nvidia. Congratulations to the

with Nvidia. Congratulations to the Humane team to target team. Such a

fantastic job. Jensen, I think we're also doing some great announcements uh this week.

>> We are [laughter] we're announcing we're announcing all kinds of things. Um uh our partnership with Humane is is going incredibly well.

First of all, uh we we uh worked together to get this company started and off the ground and just got an incredible customer with Elon. Could you

imagine a startup company approximately 0 billion dollars in revenues now going to build a data center for Elon 500 megawatts is gigantic. Uh this company

is off the charts uh right away. Uh in

addition to that we're um uh working working uh AWS as you know is also >> congratulations to the humane team with AWS

>> starting with 100 megawatts with a gigawatt ambition and uh counting. So

AWS is also coming to Humane. Uh we're

working with uh Humane on Omniverse uh digital twins. Uh as you know that AI is

digital twins. Uh as you know that AI is not just well just agentic AI and chat bots and uh cognitive AI is incredibly important to the world. Uh but AI

applies to everything, chemicals and proteins and genes and physics and fluid dynamics and particles and of course robotics and activation and um and we created this world called Omniverse

where robots can learn how to be good robots and and it's physically based. It

obeys the laws of physics and so robots can learn in these environments and we're working with Humane to apply Omniverse to all kinds of uh digital factories and robotics and warehouses

and things like that. And so that's that's another uh we're we're also working uh in Saudi Arabia to build supercomputers to simulate quantum computers and and uh uh using our

computers to be the controller and the error correction quantum error correction uh requires an enormous amount of computation and so so we're doing a lot of great work there too. So

a big partnership with Humane they're off the charts um off the ground and off the charts at the same time. This is how we walk the talk in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in partnership with the US.

Yesterday, the president and his royal highness announced the AI strategic framework and partnership. Today, we're

going big with Elon and Jensen. So,

thank you for those opportunities.

[applause] Now, they they told me I have time for two last questions. So last night at the dinner I got a number of questions because it seems that the schedule

leaked and uh everybody was giving me hints about the last two questions I'm going to do. So the first one was for you Elon and there's a big one for you

Jensen. So prepare for that one. AI in

Jensen. So prepare for that one. AI in

space is that possible?

Uh yes, if if civilization continues, which it probably will, uh then AI in space is inevitable. Um

um you know, I always have to like preface that, you know, we shouldn't take civilization for granted. We we need to make sure to take

granted. We we need to make sure to take care to ensure that civilization has an an upward arc. I mean, any student of history knows that civilization does not always have an upward arc. And in fact,

civilizations have life life cycles. So

hopefully we are in a strong upward arc.

I think we are for now. Um but we don't want to take that for granted or be complacent. Um but the in order to the

complacent. Um but the in order to the way to think of AI in space is that in order to achieve any meaningful percentage of a cautev 2 scale

civilization where you're using even a millionth a millionth of the sun's energy you must have solar powered AI

satellites in in deep space. Um so so that once you realize like once you think in terms of a cautious two scale civilization which is what what

percentage of the sun's energy are you turning into useful work um then you then it becomes obvious that space is overwhelmingly what matters

overwhelmingly the the sun only receives one roughly 1/2 billionth of the earth only receives roughly u two billionth of the sun's energy

So if you want to have something that is say a million times more energy than Earth could possibly produce

>> you must go into space. It's and and so um you know this is where it's kind of handy to have a space company I guess um sell the book.

>> Easier to cool chips in space too.

>> Yes.

>> Easier to cool chips in space. Yeah.

>> Yes. There's definitely no water in space. So, you're going to have to do

space. So, you're going to have to do something.

>> Yeah.

>> Uh that doesn't involve water.

>> Just hang out.

>> Well, it's you just got to radiate.

>> That's right.

>> Um >> so, my estimate is that actually that that that the cost of of electricity like

like the cost effectiveness of AI in space will be overwhelmingly better than AI on the ground. So far long before you uh exhaust potential energy sources on

on Earth. Long long before meaning like

on Earth. Long long before meaning like I think even perhaps in the four or five year time frame the lowest

cost way to do AI compute will be with solar powered AI satellites.

So I'd say not more than 5 years from now.

>> Wow. And just look at the supercomputers we're building together. Let's say each one of the racks is two tons. Out of

that two tons, 1.95 of it is probably for cooling, >> right?

>> Oh, yeah.

>> Just imagine how tiny that little supercomputer is, right? Each one of these GB300 racks will just be a little tiny thing.

>> And and just electricity generation is is already becoming a challenge.

>> Um so if if you start doing any kind of scaling for both electricity generation and cooling, um you realize, okay, space

is incredibly compelling. Um so

like let's say you wanted to do um I don't know two or 300 gawatt per year um of of AI compute.

>> Yeah.

>> Um it's very difficult to do that on Earth. Uh the so the the uh US average

Earth. Uh the so the the uh US average electricity usage uh last time I checked was around 460 gawatts per year average

usage. Um so so something like say uh

usage. Um so so something like say uh you know at 30 300 if you're doing 300 gawatts a year that would be like 2/3 of US electricity production per year.

>> There's no way you're building power plants at that level. Um and then if you take it up to say a terowatt per year impossible. Yeah.

impossible. Yeah.

>> Like you have to do that in space.

>> There there just is there just is no way to do a terowatt uh per year on Earth.

Um and uh and and in space you you've got continuous solar. Um you've got uh you don't you actually don't need batteries because it's always sunny in space.

>> That's right. Exactly.

>> Um and um and and the solar panels actually become cheaper because you don't need glass or framing. Um and the cooling is just radiative. So that's

that's why I think >> that's the dream.

>> Yes, >> that's the dream. So Jensen, everybody last night was asking me, and I'm mindful it's a earnings uh call for you today. So I'm going to say this

today. So I'm going to say this delicately. Everybody has been asking me

delicately. Everybody has been asking me to ask you, are we going to have an AI bubble?

[laughter] That's the last question. All

right, let's No.

All right, let me Well, let me just hear you what we see. Okay, so so I I think it's really important when you look at what's happening around the world and go back to first principles of what's happening in computer science and

computing. There are three things that

computing. There are three things that that's happening. The first thing is

that's happening. The first thing is that we all know that Moore's law has run its course and the ability that the amount of demand for computing versus the amount of computation we can get out of general purpose computing is really

challenging and so the world's been moving to accelerated computing for some time. We've been pushing this now for

time. We've been pushing this now for some over 20 years. Let me give you one statistic. I was just at supercomputing

statistic. I was just at supercomputing six years ago. uh

CPUs were 90% of the world's supercomputers, top 500 supercomputers 6 years ago. This year, less than 15%.

years ago. This year, less than 15%.

Went from 90% to 10%. And meanwhile,

accelerated computing went from the other way, 10% to now 90%. Okay, so

you're seeing that inflection point, the transition in high performance computing from general purpose computing to accelerated computing. Well, one of the

accelerated computing. Well, one of the one of the most data intensive one of the most intensive computation things that the world does in cloud is data processing. Several hundred billion

processing. Several hundred billion dollars of computation is done on just raw data processing. Has nothing to do with AI, just SQL processing, data frames, you know, everybody's names,

address, their their sex, their their age, where they live, you know, how much money they make. All of that sits into a data frame. And that data frame drives

data frame. And that data frame drives the world today. whether it's in banking or you know whether it's in credit cards or of course e-commerce and everything from ad recommendation and everything is

driven off of that data frame that data frame costs hundreds of billions of dollars to go compute and so that's the number one thing end of mors law the second thing is generative AI what the

the the most important application of the last 15 years is called rexes recommener systems how do we know what information to recommend to us uh in a

social feed. How do you know what ad to

social feed. How do you know what ad to recommend to somebody? Uh what book to recommend, what movie to recommend? The

world is the internet is so gigantic without a recommener system that a little tiny phone of us will have no chance of ever seeing the right information. That Rexus is the engine of

information. That Rexus is the engine of the internet today. That's going

generative AI. It used to be running on CPUs, now it runs on GPUs. Which then

says the third thing when if you just look at those two applications many of the internet companies can build enormous number of GPU supercomputers

just doing that of course then it creates this the third opportunity on top of it which is agentic AI this is Grock and this is open AI this is anthropic you know this is Gemini

agentic AI sits on top of that but don't you know don't forget to think about what is happening above underneath what everybody sees as AI today. There's

a whole movement of computing from general purpose computing to accelerated computing. And that if you just if you

computing. And that if you just if you take that into consideration, you'll come to the conclusion that in fact what is left over to fuel that revolutionary

agentic AI is not only substantially less than you thought and all of it justified. Well, I was just informed by

justified. Well, I was just informed by the team that my boss and your bosses is going to talk next, the honorable president and his royal highness the

crown prince and hence we ran out of time. But in essence,

time. But in essence, this is a such so much love for you Elon and and Jensen. But this in essence is a 92 alliance

that shifted from energy to digital to the intelligence age powered by pioneers such as Elon and Jensen to serve humanity and create on a net new basis,

new economies, new jobs, and a better future for humanity powered by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States. Thank you for our lifetime

States. Thank you for our lifetime partnership and friendship. Thank you,

Elon. Thank you, Jensen.

>> Thank you.

>> [applause] [music]