If YOU Can’t Focus, You NEED to See This (Science Backed)

I grew up in a very disorganized home where like the doors inside my house had holes in them. And our house there was like some rooms that looked like a hoarder lived there. Just piles and piles of stuff to the roof. Um house

demolished in many respects. Like the

back of the garden was 6 foot high. It

was it was a mess. So I've grown up with mess and I'm therefore still pretty messy today. And it's something I've

messy today. And it's something I've always wanted to defeat, but I just sometimes I tell myself, well, it, you know, it was hardwired into me when I was a kid, and it it is just who I am.

And a lot of people go around saying that. They've just kind of identified

that. They've just kind of identified with and accepted a certain bad habit is part of who they are.

Well, I will say that some of the most brilliant people I know had terribly messy offices and they were very internally organized people. It was kind of interesting. They

people. It was kind of interesting. They

were like a laser beam in their ability to kind of sort through mess. They

didn't see the mess. In fact, my posttock adviser who also sadly passed away, an incredible human by the name of Ben Baris, used to walk into his office and there'd just be piles of stuff

everywhere. And I'd say, "Ben, I I think

everywhere. And I'd say, "Ben, I I think we should clean your office." And he'd say, "Don't touch anything because if you move anything, I won't know where it is." And I said, "How could you possibly

is." And I said, "How could you possibly know where anything is right now?" And

he said, "I know where everything is."

And so I think some people also by growing up in or being in that environment also maintain an uncanny ability to find things whereas I'm the

sort of person where I can't do any work until everything is cleared away. And so

um I see myself as on the weaker side of this ability. Um but to your question I

this ability. Um but to your question I think stories are very powerful and very dangerous.

Stories are the way that humans organize knowledge by and large, right? We don't

tend to organize things into lists. We

have these narratives that we call stories because from a young age, we learn things not just by hearing them and seeing them, but they are

compartmentalized into narratives that have a beginning, a middle, and an end.

Sometimes they have a uh kind of a crescendo and then a relaxation. Just

think about a childhood song of learning like the ABCs. They don't teach you the ABCs. A B CDE E F G H I J right they

ABCs. A B CDE E F G H I J right they don't do that. What do they do? They

give you a song which is a story.

Musicians will understand this inherently. Again I'm not one but when I

inherently. Again I'm not one but when I started researching neuroscience of music and the brain came to understand so it's A B C D E F G right the change

in the inflections as one does the alphabet as a young kid is the story of the alphabet. Now people

might say okay what is he talking about?

What's happening here is you create variation in terms of batching of ideas so that something has a beginning a middle and an end. So if you think okay I grew up in this house and it was

really messy and now I have too much mess and in order to undo that there's this kind of like hardwired right dangerous words hardwired neural circuitry in my brain that I would have to work really really hard to undo and

I'd have to be scared into being a cleaner person or what you or I'm a tidier person whatever it is that's very dangerous because there's a beginning to that a middle to that and an end to that

and it has immense meaning as a consequence one of the most powerful things is to understand that neuroplasticity really involves taking an existing story and

dismantling some component of it. What

could the component be? Well, there's

all this stuff like the Byron Katy work which says, you know, you you take something that you believe as true and you say, okay, like uh like I'm an untidy person and then you counter it.

How do I know that? Well, okay, I have this experience. Okay, that's the story.

this experience. Okay, that's the story.

And then you start running counternarratives. You say, I'm uh I'm

counternarratives. You say, I'm uh I'm uh actually a tidy person. And then

people say, "Well, this is silly. You're

just lying to yourself." Right? Where

they say, "Is it always true that you're a messy person?" You start challenging this story from different sides. Now, I

believe as because I'm a neuroscientist, I'm not um in I'm not a psychologist or in the self-help world that the brilliance, the kind of unconscious

genius of that approach is actually that what one is doing is you're starting to create a new story. you're starting to kind of infuse different questions into

the existing neural network. Now, the

brain loves questions like that. The

brain since we're we're young kids, we're asking questions. And so, if you take an existing story and you start challenging it with questions, you're not saying lie to yourself. You're not

suddenly going to say, "Okay, like I'm super tidy. You're not because you're

super tidy. You're not because you're not going to believe that." But if you start challenging why it's that way or you know, you've been able to change so many other things. Why you wouldn't you be able to change that? You say, "Well, it's just a habit. I can't do it." You

say, "Well, what's a habit?" and you start poking and pushing and pushing.

What you eventually arrive at is this kind of huh actually there's nothing keeping me from being a tidy person except this kind of fluency of a particular story and what you've done is

you've interrupted the fluency of that story. So then when you go to the

story. So then when you go to the behavior of you know do you set things down all over the place or do you put them in an orderly fashion you start interrupting the habit the fluency of

your typical behavior. So, I raised this as a as a way um to kind of shine light on essentially what I do in my podcast career, which is, you know, we I I believe very strongly in the fields of

psychology. I think self-help has some

psychology. I think self-help has some wonderful things to offer. We've got

ancient wisdom that goes way back. And

when you start to look at things through the lens of biology, you start to see that all of these things actually have merit and they're just different paths to the same outcomes. So if you wanted

to become a tidy person, I would encourage you here would be one, let's just say neuroscience supported approach would be to write out one page about

what a tidy person you really are, you'll know that's a lie, right? And

then to look at it and realize that in many ways if you just replace tidy with, you know, messy at any location, it'd probably be the exact same story. And so

what you're really talking about here is just a default that your nervous system is running. And if you were to just swap

is running. And if you were to just swap the words, would you feel differently or do differently? On the one hand, you'd

do differently? On the one hand, you'd say, "No, that's kind of trivial." But I bet you the practice of writing it out would forever interrupt your notion of like just going to set something down, you'd be like, "Ah, now you have something to kind of disrupt the habit."

Cuz so much of habit disruption that you'll look like some people say, "Oh, you flick a uh, you know, rubber band on your wrist or something like that."

There's nothing special about the rubber band. There's nothing special about the

band. There's nothing special about the pain on your wrist or the you put a sticky note. We know sticky notes work

sticky note. We know sticky notes work for about one day. Why don't sticky notes work? Why don't reminders on the

notes work? Why don't reminders on the mirror work? Because they don't have

mirror work? Because they don't have enough salience. They're not new.

enough salience. They're not new.

They're not different. The nervous

system only changes if something is new and different. So anyway, we could talk

and different. So anyway, we could talk a lot about habit formation, but fear works, but so does disrupting the story.

How do you disrupt the story? You

essentially give the opposite story. And

you think, well, that's just lying to myself. But neurally it makes sense

myself. But neurally it makes sense because the nervous system again likes to be very economical. Likes to do everything with the minimum amount of uh energetic expenditure and to change

anything requires attention and attention is expensive. Attention is

expensive. And also I would say as I'm kind of rambling all this things are going very well for you. So

you actually don't have any reason to tidy your space.

PA now and another PA and I have a cleaner. So it's do you know what I

cleaner. So it's do you know what I mean? the

mean? the Yeah, you outsource it.

Yeah, great. Well, there is incentive for all

great. Well, there is incentive for all the folks that feel like they're not um tidy enough. You have two choices. You

tidy enough. You have two choices. You

can either start to be tidy now or you can be successful enough that you can hire some assistants. And I actually think I say this in in all seriousness, I think that one has to ask like where

is my attention and neural real estate best devoted? I think about this every

best devoted? I think about this every day. I mean, we are living in a war of

day. I mean, we are living in a war of attention. I wake up in the morning and

attention. I wake up in the morning and I can be a consumer or a creator. If I

reach for my phone, I'm a consumer.

If I go to my journal, I'm a creator.

My advice to anyone who wants to be successful in any domain is to do things away from where you broadcast and then take it to that broadcast. I mean, take

your real life to Instagram and be very cautious about taking Instagram to your real life. Does that make sense? If you

real life. Does that make sense? If you

look at successful people, they're doing things away from the platforms and putting them on the platforms. Yeah.

So, I have to be very careful. Then I go into the kitchen, obviously, I talk to people in my home.

Um, but if I pick up the phone and I start making a phone call, it's like, is this call really about moving the needle forward or is this just kind of like

passive use of of attention? We have to be so careful nowadays. So, so careful.

It's really challenging on that point of focus and attention and thinking back to when you were 19 years old. One of the things people ask me a

old. One of the things people ask me a lot and I guess it's a bit of a debate in the self-help world is from a neuroscience perspective is manifestation and this idea of like visualization visualizing who I want to become and you

know where I'm going. Is there any neuroscience to support that that works?

There is. Um, and I'm not trying to be negative, but I'll start with the negative counter example for which there is evidence and it's less often discussed. So, there's a wonderful

discussed. So, there's a wonderful researcher at New York University by the name of Emily Balchettis who talks about how for goal setting and habit

formation, fear setting is often one of the best tools. You spend some time, maybe five minutes or so, thinking about all the terrible things that are going to happen if you don't actually accomplish your goals. Nobody likes to

do this, but guess what? It turns out to be pretty darn effective.

Really, I know it's really frustrating that this is the case, but again, you know, that has a lot to do with the way that the human brain is is wired and and likes to

rewire itself. Now, that said, it is

rewire itself. Now, that said, it is important to envision goals.

Visualizing goals in detail, um, writing them out, in some cases, talking about them, although we can discuss that, um, why that might not be the best idea in

every circumstance, um, could be very beneficial because it's hard to conceive something that you can't imagine. But I

think when people hear that visualizing goals or visualizing outcomes is critical, we sometimes forget that we don't always know what the end goal is.

Sometimes we have to break this up into milestones. This is where I think uh

milestones. This is where I think uh Rick Rubin even though he's not a formerly trained scientist um has drawn a lot of interest for his work on

creativity which is you know Rick is about largely you know sensing the kind of energetic pull of an idea and being able to explore that without too much self-judgment or filtering or thinking

about how it's going to be received. In

other words, that the metamorphosis that leads to great music, great poetry, great scientific discovery, podcasts, finance, companies that one is building,

etc. is a series of iterations that occur on the time course of about a day, you know, and so we can't always imagine the end or the end product as the outcome. This is why I said university

outcome. This is why I said university is easy compared to other goals because the end is a degree, right? is that you pick up your diploma

right? is that you pick up your diploma like whereas in other areas it's far more mysterious often. Now

visualization I think can be very powerful but perhaps what's more powerful is to learn the brain and body state that best serves the work you're

going to do. So for instance if I'm going to do some writing and right now I'm working on a book. It's largely done but I'm writing some bonus chapters.

Unless I'm hyper motivated to do that when I sit down and hyperfocused, I'll spend 2, three minutes just closing my eyes, focusing on my breathing. It's

meditation of sorts. But what I tell myself is if I can't focus on my breathing for two or three minutes, how in the world am I going to focus on writing for two or three hours? That

sort of thing. The other thing that I want to make sure I don't forget is I mentioned that telling people your goals often times can be useful if it stimulates a little bit of fear like you have some accountability.

But we also know that because of the affiliative nature of people in particular people that support us there is this danger. Uh a friend of

mine who's a cardiologist at UCSF taught me this. He said, you know, be careful

me this. He said, you know, be careful who you tell that you're going to start a podcast or write a book because oftentimes the response will be, oh yeah, that's great. You absolutely

should write a book or you should do a podcast. And people get a sort of reward

podcast. And people get a sort of reward from telling people about it and then they never actually go do it. Whereas I

can cite numerous examples of where people were told, you're never going to be able to do that. You're never going to be able to be successful in that. And

my goodness, those people dig their heels and they show that they can do it.

Now, I get into debates about this with Rick from time to time. It's a, you know, it's unclear to me whether or not the energy around trying to prove oneself is detrimental to the outcome.

And I sense it is, right? This kind of grinding against like, take that and take that as opposed to just doing things out of real love of craft. I

think about the way I felt about aquaria and fish as a kid and it's just like pure delight. That's the word that comes

pure delight. That's the word that comes to mind. Just delight. I want to learn

to mind. Just delight. I want to learn more about it. I want to do it and tell people about it.

That's the wonderful romantic picture of effort and progress and outcomes. But in

reality, you probably need both. You

need to be able to access some fear and sense of competition, but also delight in craft. You know, like Peter Teal's

in craft. You know, like Peter Teal's book 0ero to One, as I recall, defines competition as anti-reativity in many ways because through competition, you

are by definition changing what you're doing in order to outdo somebody else or something else. And so, you're morphing

something else. And so, you're morphing your creation in order to kind of overcome something.

Whereas, if you're just purely thinking about something you want to grow and cultivate, there are none of those barriers. But in the worlds that I've

barriers. But in the worlds that I've been in science to a lesser extent podcasting and that's a wonderful feature of podcasting but certainly in

science it is hyper competitive right two laboratories working on similar things people are concerned that if one publishes first the other will not be able to publish certainly not in as high

quality a journal and jobs are created through these journal publications podcasting is actually a wonderful field um because let's say you and I have the same guest best on our podcasts. All it

does is raise it in the algorithm. It's

not like, you know, and and it's such a and so I think there's a lot of um collegiality and camaraderie in the podcast field that um exists in little pockets in

science, but um science is a brutally competitive field, which doesn't mean it's anti-creative, but in a dream world where there's infinite amount of money

for scientific research because that would better humanity in my in my view.

um and people didn't have to be competitive about grant dollars or publication. I think we would make far

publication. I think we would make far more progress as a species. So

competition fosters outcomes. This is clear in markets. It's

outcomes. This is clear in markets. It's

clear in a lot of domains. But pure love and delight of craft and creativity, that's definitely the way to go. But in

most endeavors, you got to have both. If

sitting next to someone in class and realizing, okay, cuz this was me back when, I'm thinking, okay, I I love this topic, but gosh, I want that top mark. I

want that top mark on the distribution.

Like, that's and and like she and he are really really good, and I'm going to we're going to study together, but my god, when it comes time for that exam, like I'm going for it. A little bit of competition can can bring out our our

best, I think. M

um certainly in sport, but when it comes to creative endeavors that are really about our own unique contribution, I mean, you could tell me more about this in business because you're you're I don't you know, I have a

company, but I'm not a business person.

But I I always feel like competition can bring out more energy, but not more creativity.

Yeah. And I think a big point I was thinking as you were talking was just about how much you let that new energy that comes from competition distract you. And this is it's the distraction

you. And this is it's the distraction that can destroy you because if Apple are going this way and they're building this product without the keyboard and without the stylus and that's they've

got their vision and they see Samsung doing over there something over there and if they if they divert from their own mission and their own first principles towards what someone else is doing then that's when it can become destructive. But if it means that they

destructive. But if it means that they see Samsung doing something and they speed up and invest more in their vision then it's okay. I think that's and it is this dichotomy between competition does drive better outcomes for everybody

that's competing but at the same time um yeah it can harm you if it distracts you in a fundamental way. It's kind of how I think about even with podcasting like you know um as you were saying there's

so many podcasters doing so many amazing things like I I look at your podcast and I learn from it but I know in my core and we all know I'm never going to be Andrew Huberman and I'll never be you and I'll never be a Joe Rogan. I'll

never be a and I admire your podcast very much and Joe's and Lex's. I think it's we each have our own unique style that we bring to it. Chris Williamson, you know, um

to it. Chris Williamson, you know, um it's been a lot of fun to see the unique flavors of podcasts crop up and how similar that is to the world I

grew up in in skateboarding, the observations of from the music industry that I saw firsthand or that, you know, Rick has passed along. You know, in the

end, I think any creative endeavor is really about, and here I don't want to sound mysterious or woo, it's about the energy that we bring. It's about taking our life history and bringing it to that

thing in whatever form. We don't even need to tell people our life history.

Taking our unique wiring and bringing it to that thing. And we can again look at things through the lens of biology and say, well, what are we talking talking about when we're talking about energy?

what is this energy thing that people are talking about? Um, and I think it largely boils down to these catacolamines, the dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine cocktail

that is setting the brain into a mode of attention, of motivation. We now know dopamine is more about motivation to seek rewards as opposed to feeling of pleasure or reward. There's a lot to be

said about that. And keep in mind that these three neurochemicals, dopamine norepinephrine and epinephrine, have been the neurochemical cocktail by

which humans and other mammals have set and pursued goals for hundreds of thousands of years. So we don't have like a unique system, a unique

neurochemical system for seeking out of mates versus food versus creating shelter versus creating technology and whole societies.

And it's not just these three neurochemicals. Certainly there are

neurochemicals. Certainly there are other things involved acetylcholine and you know a bunch of other things neuroplasticity for that matter. But

it's clearly the case that the currency that the brain has set around getting us into forward center of mass as I say to like envision something explore nope not

down there this way. Ah, there's a scent here. And trade out an actual scent for,

here. And trade out an actual scent for, you know, oh, there's something interesting here. There's someone

interesting here. There's someone interesting here. And like exploring

interesting here. And like exploring that, no, that's a dead path to culde-sac. Turn around, go, oh, here.

culde-sac. Turn around, go, oh, here.

And then connecting these nodes of progress. What's progress? Ah, there's

progress. What's progress? Ah, there's

kind of another surge of these catacolamines, which sets us in forward center of mass. You know, I don't want to oversimplify the biology, but when we

talk about energy, um, for instance, taking time to rest at night sleep, taking time to maybe meditate a few minutes or do this practice that I'm a

huge fan of, non-sleep, deep rest, which is kind of a body scan, deep relaxation, long exhales.

It's a practice very similar to an ancient practice called yoga nidra, which has been practiced for thousands of years. It's a kind of pseudo sleep.

of years. It's a kind of pseudo sleep.

And we know from a really nice study that NSDR, non-sleep deep rest, aka yoga nidra, can increase the baseline levels

of dopamine in a brain area called the basil ganglia, which is for action generation and also withholding action by about 60% from baseline. Just

a a short period of doing this practice can re kind of re-up dopamine levels to a considerable extent. It's a remarkable study and there are others like it. So

what does that mean? Well, it means that in rest, we build up this capacity to be forward center of mass when we emerge from rest. That's why I think we have to

from rest. That's why I think we have to sleep every 24 hours. This is why practices where we deliberately calm ourselves and still ourselves allow us to be more forward center of mass

mentally and physically afterwards. It's

kind of a duh when we hear it. We kind

of go, "Oh, duh. Of course, rest action.

Rest action." But there's a lot more to it. If you start exploring the layers,

it. If you start exploring the layers, you start realizing that excitement for things um versus burnout. What's

burnout? It's just trying to be forward center of mass for too long. It's,

you know, misuse of our dopamine circuitry. It's, you know, ignoring the

circuitry. It's, you know, ignoring the fact that these catakolamines and dopamine in particular, they are not infinite in their availability, right?

there's a reservoir of them that can be depleted, but it can be replenished as well. And one of the best analogies for

well. And one of the best analogies for this um was actually explained to me by a guy named Dr. Kyle Gillette. He does

some online work as a as a um public facing physician, endocrinology in particular. And he said, "But dopamine,

particular. And he said, "But dopamine, it's kind of like a wave pool. You have

this reservoir that can allow you to pursue things or scroll the internet or build businesses, whatever it is. If you

are really forward center of mass very intensely, you start generating these waves. And if you get big waves of

waves. And if you get big waves of dopamine and they crash out of the pool, you start depleting the reservoir. So

when I think about drugs of abuse like cocaine, which leads to huge surges in dopamine or um amphetamines, huge surges in dopamine, what do we know about huge

surges in dopamine? Well, after those huge surges, you drop below your initial baseline to a state in which the same thing doesn't feel as good anymore. You

need so much more energy to get the same output. That's what this is, right?

output. That's what this is, right?

That's what this is. So,

I'll put this on the screen for anyone.

Yeah. So, my colleague at Stanford, Dr. Anna Lemi, who runs our dual diagnosis addiction clinic and wrote the wonderful book Dopamine Nation, described this best. You know, it's sort of like a

best. You know, it's sort of like a seessaw, but what whereby you get a big peak in dopamine, let's say, from a drug of abuse like cocaine. People on

cocaine, it's all about ideas and what's next. They're not like, "Hey, let's just

next. They're not like, "Hey, let's just kick back." It's all about what's they,

kick back." It's all about what's they, in fact, they have a million ideas per second. Most of them are terrible ideas,

second. Most of them are terrible ideas, but they're very forward center of mass motivated. And then when the drug wears

motivated. And then when the drug wears off, they feel very low and very depressed. The dopamine is actually

depressed. The dopamine is actually depleted below baseline. People that

work excessively, right, we all have different abilities to work out, but people that work excessively and abuse stimulants in order to do that achieve these peaks.

Is that like So what would be the an everyday example of that? Working

excessively. Do you mean like a pre-workout or something? What you mean?

Yeah, I'm not anti- preworkout. Listen,

I love to be well-rested, hydrated, have a nice pre-workout drink, maybe even a little shot of espresso, listen to some music, and have an incredible leg day

workout. It's an amazing feeling, right?

workout. It's an amazing feeling, right?

But if you do that every single time, you start stacking all these catakolamine release inducing drugs.

Okay? So, you're getting adrenaline, you're getting epinephrine, which is adrenaline, excuse me. You're getting

adrenaline, you're getting noradrenaline, also called norepinephrine, you're getting dopamine release, you're highly motivated, you're in that state that everyone is seeking, and you try and do that seven days a week. You're not going to do it. And

week. You're not going to do it. And

then you wonder why in the afternoon you're just completely cooked and you can't do any cognitive work. Well, your

dopamine and other things have crashed below baseline. So, I think it's

below baseline. So, I think it's important to understand that being, as I'm calling it, forward center of mass, like really kind of motivated and

pursuing goals is great, but most of the time we're probably best off just coming off the gas pedal just a little bit to maintain that ability to continue to be

forward center of mass. The same thing is true for stress. We hear stress is bad. Well, stress is bad, but it also

bad. Well, stress is bad, but it also sharpens your ability to learn. It

creates energy. It actually boosts your immune system in the short term. I say

tolerate as much stress as you can provided you still behave like a kind person, right? Don't say or do things

person, right? Don't say or do things that are unkind and make sure that you still get great sleep at night. Most

people stress stress stress stress run around and then they can't sleep at night and then the next day they're depleted. But a little bit of stress is

depleted. But a little bit of stress is healthy. Life is stress. Things are

healthy. Life is stress. Things are

stressful. But again, you're going to be in your best state of mind if you're calm and alert. Alert and calm is the is the magic recipe and the ability to sleep at night. If you want to take a

bunch of pre-workout and you want to listen to some loud music and have a great crush at workout, great. But you

should probably also be able to train without all of that. If you're somebody who loves new goals and you, you know, you're very excited about travel and this and that, great. But do you have to layer in 50 things and then you're

sitting around at home and you're wondering why you're so bored when you're back home and why life is so depressing and you need more travel, more stimulation in every domain of

life. We see whether or not it's food or

life. We see whether or not it's food or exercise or stimulants or sex or media.

If you push things to the max, you're going to feel depleted and under stimulated afterwards. And this trough

stimulated afterwards. And this trough below baseline, as Anolki taught us with Dopamine Nation, that trough is a state that can last a long time. And it's how

long it's proportional to how high that peak in dopamine was. Not how long, but how high that peak in dopamine was. And

when you're in that trough, that dopamine depleted state. Typically, what

people do is they try and go out or access things that are going to reactivate the dopamine circuitry. All

it does is drive them further and further and longer and longer into that trough. What's needed is a period of

trough. What's needed is a period of waiting, of non-indulgence in any of these excesses that allows them to return to baseline. We know this from

drugs of abuse. It takes more and more drug to try and get what turns out to be less and less of a high. Most all

addiction, most all compulsive behavior can be cured essentially through a period of abstinence lasting somewhere between 30 and 60 days, which to somebody who's highly motivated to seek

that thing or do that thing sounds like an absolute horror, but that is highly effective. So for some people, it's work

effective. So for some people, it's work and stimulants, you know, and a number of people taking Adderall and work work.

I hear from these people all the time.

Typically, they are from the tech and finance world. They're like, "Why am I

finance world. They're like, "Why am I burnt out?" Well, you've been blasting

burnt out?" Well, you've been blasting these catakolamine regulated circuits for years. You need to just accept

for years. You need to just accept you're going to feel a little low for a week. Then you're going to feel a little

week. Then you're going to feel a little less low. Then you're going to come back

less low. Then you're going to come back to baseline. And then and only then can

to baseline. And then and only then can you really get back into like full forward center of mass. But at that point, you can introduce, you know, I I do think there is a clinical use case

for certain ADHD meds, which are amphetamine. There are certain people

amphetamine. There are certain people that need those meds. Other people have driven themselves into this dopamine trough and so they're seeking out anything and everything to get them out of that trough when really what they

need to do is stay away from all that stuff and just wait. Just wait.

Go on holiday or something.

Go on holiday. Try and find reward in smaller things. Um, you know, this is

smaller things. Um, you know, this is why dogs are wonderful in simpler things. And if that sounds heavy and

things. And if that sounds heavy and dull to you, chances are you're a bit in the dopamine uh loop. Um, I've been in these loops before. They're hard to

exit, but once you exit them, you look back on them. You go, "What was I thinking?" Well, you were in a different

thinking?" Well, you were in a different state. You're kind of a different animal

state. You're kind of a different animal when you're in pursuit. If you love the D CEO brand and you watch this channel, please do me a huge favor. Become part

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